پاورپوینت درباره مهندسی سواحل

علم مطالعه فرایندهای فعال در منطقه ساحلی و اثرات انها بر روی سواحل و سازه های ساحلی و برنامه ریزی برای حفاظت از انها

تاریخچه مهندسی سواحل

الف- مهندسی سواحل در دنیای باستان

 The history of coastal engineering reaches back to the ancient world bordering the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Persian Gulf. Coastal engineering, as it relates to harbors, starts with the development of maritime traffic, perhaps before 3500 B.C. Shipping was fundamental to culture and the growth of civilization, and the expansion of navigation and communication in turn drove the practice of coastal engineering. The availability of a large slave labor force during this era meant that docks, breakwaters, and other harbor works were built by hand and often in a grand scale similar to their monumental contemporaries, pyramids, temples, and palaces. Some of the harbor works are still visible today, while others have recently been explored by archaeologists. Most of the grander ancient harbor works disappeared following the fall of the Roman Empire. Earthquakes have buried some of the works; others have been submerged by subsidence, landlocked by silting, or lost through lack of maintenance. Recently, archaeologists, using modern survey techniques, excavations, and old documents, have revealed some of the sophisticated engineering in these old harbors. Technically interesting features have shown up and are now reappearing in modern port designs. Common to most ancient ports was a well-planned and effectively located seawall or breakwater for protection and a quay or mole for loading vessels, features frequently included in modern ports (Quinn 1972).